Language and Pragmatics Essay

Language is the common ground for everyone. It is the thing that links a society together because this is how they communicate and understand each other. It is common, therefore, that one culture can feel confused when dealing with other people from different cultures. This is due to the fact that even if they learn a certain language, they will still need to learn the culture of the people to be able to communicate properly. It is not enough that one learns the words. A person should be also knowledgeable of the ways certain words or phrases are used or what is proper or not to say during conversations for him or her to completely understand a particular culture. One of the things that I got interested in from the lecture was phatic communion, which is a â€Å"form of communication between people which is not intended to seek or convey information but has the social function of establishing or maintaining social contact. † This is very apparent in the American culture. People have the tendency to automatically ask how the other is doing and the other is expected to respond with just a simple answer. It is not meant to ask how a person is really feeling but it is just a polite way of acknowledging the person’s presence. I have experienced this form of communication since I started living in this country. It is hard to miss it because people use it everyday in the grocery store, at the mall, coffee shop, even at school. I can relate to the examples in the lecture notes because Spanish is my first language. I also had difficulty in learning the English language because of its complications like the phatic communion. At first, I thought that people were concerned about me and the things that are going on with my life. However, when I got used to the language, I came to realize that this was just some form of formality and that I am not expected to give a detailed response. Living in this country, I have also learned that it is not unusual for people to greet each other even if they are complete strangers. People say hello to each other when they pass them on the street. However, this is not being friendly for them. People have become accustomed to it and would feel uncomfortable if they did not acknowledge the other person. This is in contrast to other cultures where people would feel scared or uneasy if a stranger would say hello to them on the streets out of nowhere. They might think that the person has other intentions other than just to be polite. Personally, I think that people from different cultures talk fast because they are already used to the language and they have mastered it since the time they learned how to speak it. As such, fast-paced talking is not only applicable to the Americans but to everyone as well. Some cultures can only seem soft spoken because of their voices but they are still fast-paced if one listens carefully. Another interesting observation is the difference between men and women in terms of listening. As a woman, I can relate to the lecture notes where it is indicated that women tend to nod to show that they are listening to someone. I actually do this just to show appreciation to the speaker, especially when he or she is looking directly at me while speaking. It is a polite way of saying that I am listening although I may not be agreeing to what he or she is trying to say. This is different from what men do and I have noticed this in the way my husband reacts when someone is talking and he is in the audience. There is no indication that he is listening and will only be apparent when he nods his head in agreement with the speaker. I think that women’s reaction is better because if it were me speaking, I would like to know if my audience is listening or not even if they may not agree to what I have to say. It is encouraging to know that the audience is interested in my speech and that I am not being ignored. The last topic that I found interesting is the different ways on how to say no or refuse to someone. I agree with this because sometimes, people find it very difficult to say no in fear of offending the other person. As such, people find different ways to say no and this include offering an alternative, putting the blame on another, diverting the attention to another topic, or through postponement. Doing these things will make it easier to say no and will not make the other person feel bad about the situation. Personally, I do not have a hard time saying no to people, especially if I strongly feel that refusing is the right thing to do. However, it is still good to know how to say no indirectly because we have to realize that people react to things differently. One may be fine with accepting no for an answer while others may take this against you. I think that learning a language and the ways of a certain culture is essential in being able to communicate with the culture’s people effectively. This is the only for an outsider to become accepted and feel comfortable in using the language. It is also a way for a person to learn what is proper and what is unacceptable, which is important for some cultures because there are certain things that might offend them without the person even knowing. It can be said, therefore, that learning a second language is difficult, especially if the person learning it is not even living in the country or place where that language is being used. Exposure is needed for one to learn and acquire a culture’s language and customs. Without experiencing it first-hand, it is hard to practice the language and apply it to one’s everyday lives. It is also better to communicate with the people who use the language everyday so that the person can practice speaking it and using it much better. The person will be able to learn faster and easier if there is first-hand exposure.

Finding the Best Chicago Style Essay Samples

Finding the Best Chicago Style Essay Samples The Basic Principles of Chicago Style Essay Samples You Will be Able to Benefit From Beginning Today So that the reader can seek out the bit of information required, in a simple way. Apparently, you can't state the page quantity of a web-based source, and therefore you don't. There are several free on-line tools created to aid a student to create an ideal page for the cover. Include the internet address of the webpage. The Characteristics of Chicago Style Essay Samples The URL or DOI ought to be the previous portion of the citation. In case the website has a print counterpart, like the site for a newspaper, put the site title in italics. The title page isn't numbered. The very first page of text ought to be labeled page 2. Thefootnote text is put at the base of the page where there's the citation. A note could be added if a more formal citation is necessary. It is essential to be aware that annotated bibliographies also exist so far as Chicago style is concerned. Though useful, a bibliography isn't required in works that offer full bibliographic data in the notes. Footnotes are the list of citations utilized in 1 page that are located in the base of the webpage. They must appear at the bottom of the page that they are referred to. They appear at the bottom of the page they refer to. Footnotes might not be an essential characteristic of writing, but they might be exceedingly handy for reducing clutter without needing to excise important asides or explanations a practice that could be handy in academic writing and elsewhere too. Both use the exact same formatting guidelines. Chicago recommends including a bibliography in most court cases, which usually means you're usually only require short notes. Chicago style is extremely popular with college and university students. Naturally, it may have deviations, so it is better to check online examples in order to perfectly understand how to compose Chicago style essay. The Chicago style is principally employed for manuscript preparation and publication and could also. MLA Format cover page has to be made for every single report prepared by means of a university student. If desired, you ought to be in a position to locate a Chicago writing style template on the web, which you are able to use as a guide. You've been redirected to our new website. So, you can see web sites of essay writing companies and internet encyclopedias to be able to find any information on Chicago style you will need. Some lack the appropriate grasp of grammar and vocabulary to produce the guide. A great academic writing implies the use of quotations. The students from the many scholastic levels would normally be asked to compose various kinds of essays for their classes. While writing a personal narrative, you should concentrate on only one experience. A Thought on what engages your attention is a great place to begin from in figuring out how to compose a 5 paragraph writing. It is crucial to receive a Chicago style example which will function as a guide to writing own essay. This manner of writing is favored for research paper topics where the author should include extensive commentaries on parts of the text. Sample thesis is an excellent reference point for people who are writing thesis for the very first moment. This kind of essay is made on the grounds of an interview performed by the author of the paper. You should try and follow evocative writing while completing this kind of essay. Sample essay two sample essay. You may always use a good Chicago writing style template to ease the formatting approach. Chicago style isn't very hard to understand. however, it is extremely tough to read entire manual of the style. This sort of Chicago formatting style uses author's name and date as its name suggests. There are lots of key reference styles utilised in academic writing. If it's too long for only one line, you use the typical double spacing. You separate the webpage number with a comma, other than that there'll not be any punctuation. The footnote number should be put at the conclusion of the sentence or the conclusion of a clause in a sentence. Page numbers of the principal section.

Organizational Change Essays - 1078 Words

Organizational change can be intimidating for business leaders. The internet hosts several sites for small consulting firms that specialize in helping corporate leaders initiative positive change in their organizational culture. One such firm, Change Management Solutions, Inc., (CMS) uses a five-step change model, which encompasses contemporary collective and collaborative theories and models of change and change leadership. The firm considers culture, organizational leadership, and change planning as essential tools to prevent â€Å"becoming one of the 75% of businesses who fail at change.† (Puelo, n.d.) Similar to the design of the chapters in Hickman’s book, the CMS website promotes â€Å"Effective (change) plans answer the critical who,†¦show more content†¦Change leadership, defined as, the ability to energize groups who will be implements change projects that they may or may not fully embrace, or, the ability to understand the need for change and demonstrate a high tolerance for ambiguity and a positive attitude in the midst of change. (class lecture) CMS coaches leaders to use transformational change as well as transactional leadership to accomplish change. CMS starts sustainable change by using a five-step model similar to Schwartz or Koetter’s models for change ((Hickman, 2010) The five steps of the CMS change model are planning, leading, evaluating, handling change resistance, and avoiding and overcoming burnout. CMS states, â€Å"Planning change that becomes a part of the corporate culture requires planning that considers the effects of the change to all levels of employees.† (Puelo, n.d.) This is an example of empowerment and shared power concepts. Part of having shared power is creating a clear vision, developing others, and making empowerment systemic, all things CMS coaches their client organizations to embrace. (Hickman, 2010) Once change is planned, CMS implements a strategic change plan. This plan requires leaders, formal or informal, who will be trained and supported during change implementation. This type of leadership falls under the teleological theory of planned leadership with transformational l eadership and collective/collaborative leadership styles where power is shared by multipleShow MoreRelatedEssay on Organizational Change875 Words   |  4 PagesOrganizational Change Change can be a difficult transition however in the world of business whether it is planned or unplanned one can expect change to happen. The definition of change is, â€Å"the coordination of a structured period of transition from situation A to situation B in order to achieve lasting change within an organization†. (BNET Business Dictionary) How the change is accepted and adapted to can be the difference of success or failure of an organization. There are different types ofRead MoreOrganizational Change1506 Words   |  7 PagesChange Management Introduction A need for growth in any organization to stay a viable entity must occur. Organizational change is inevitable. Just like anything in life, markets and cultures change which require constant attention and preparation. In order to be successful in any market, an organization has to be able transform itself to the needs for the market. CrysTel is no stranger to change. CrysTel is a telecommunication company with over 2500 employees and a gross income of approximatelyRead MoreOrganizational Change1929 Words   |  8 PagesOrganizational Change Organizational Change Management is â€Å"all of the actions required for an organization to understand, prepare for, implement and take full advantage of significant change†. The goals of Change Management are: * The successful design, implementation, measurement and maintenance of an organization’s change initiative * Enhancement of their on-going capacity for managing change Lewin’s force field analysis model states that all systems have driving and restrainingRead MoreWhat Is Organizational Change?948 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is organizational change? This is a question that is imperative to know the answer to in order to fully understand today’s industry and workplaces. According to businessdictionary.com, organizational change is defined as a company or organization that is going through a transformation which can occur when business strategies or major sections of an organization are altered. In order for companies to succeed in altering their business in any way, they really must understand how important it isRead MoreOrganizational Change Is Significant To An Organization1011 Words   |  5 PagesOrganizational change is significant to an organization as it can change the success of an organization, remove specific job practices or functions, alter policies and procedures, and change the way an organization operates (managementhelp .org). Organizational change efforts should improve the performance of an organization as well as the people in the organization (Campbell, 2014). To begin an organizational change, a change agent should understand the culture of organization, which reflects inRead MoreQuestions On Managing Organizational Change890 Words   |  4 Pagesto Survive Organizational Changes in the Fast-Changing World As we have learned all quarter, managing the changing organizational environment is one of the most salient challenges in today’s business world. Managing organizational change properly can minimize resistance from employees and cost of and maximize the effectiveness of the changes. In other words, managing organizational change addresses the human side of the changing management. Personally, I think organizational changes are a greatRead MoreOrganizational Change And The Implementation Of The Change Essay1569 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction: Organisational change and the implementation of the change is a relevant issue when analysing the Nora case. 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Whether the change is needed because of evolving markets, new trends for products or customer demands, managers must identify when and where the change is needed. In order to ensure viability, productivity and ultimate success of an organization, it is essential that the type of change be identified and proper steps and procedures developed to manage change appropriatelyRead MoreOrganizational Change : An Organization1114 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Organizational change is a crucial issue exercised in an organization to increase performance as it works toward its ideal state. Organizational change arises as a reaction to an ever-changing environment, a response to an ongoing difficult situation, or is stimulated by a leader. Organizational change is a survival strategy. If the organization does not maintain the changing technology, consumer demands, and productive business activities, they will lose their competitive area. Forces

Foreign Affairs During The Civil War - 1567 Words

Throughout this past semester this class has brought to my attention of what this country is going through with the current election as well as the fight against Isis, and that is we have been through it all before. We started from the ending of the Civil War examining how it has changed our country for the better as well as how the war started a push on domestic affairs within this country. From then to present time many of the roles of government has been equally overpowering as well as barely caring. This nation now needs a federal government that is there for the country’s benefit, but able to keep out of the affairs of citizens at home. Maybe its time that the federal government put more of a focus on the foreign affairs and let state and local government handle smaller situations that waste to much time in federal court. With the time wasted in federal government in domestic affairs we are losing ground in our foreign affairs, our military is loosing support and our econ omy is going down domestically and internationally. Our history of foreign affairs has only become more of a recent need since WWII. As a country today we are currently in a domestic battle against having more or less focus on foreign policy. Honestly the best thing for this country now is to keep focusing on growing our economy by strengthening our ties with our allies and not worrying to much about our affairs at home, we have the state and local government to take care of our domestic needs. FromShow MoreRelatedUs Foreign Policy 1865-1914, Expansionist or Isolationist Essay894 Words   |  4 PagesWas the foreign policy of the United States primarily isolationist or expansionist through 1865-1914? 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General WashingtonRead MoreWhat Is Civil Conflict Intervention? Essay1636 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is Civil Conflict Intervention? Civil intervention is a sensitive topic to discuss. Is it the obligation of other countries to get involved with civil affairs that take place in foreign lands? Is there a responsibility amongst the international community to aid people, who’s rights have been violated? Many people would argue yes to these questions; however, there are several reasons why countries should never intervene in civil conflict. The words that must first be outlined and understood toRead MoreLittle Bit ( Mis ) Judged1472 Words   |  6 Pagesaddressed the Civil Rights at the right time, but at the same time his War on Poverty left unanswered problems. His foreign affair was dominated by the horrid Vietnam War, but he also played a part for the CIA-supported coup d’etats that resulted in deaths of thousands of innocent people all over the world. In addition, Johnson did not show strong, powerful traits that most presidents should have while he was in office. One major thing that Johnson gets credit for is addressing the civil rights. HeRead MoreAmerican Involvement During Foreign Affairs1358 Words   |  6 PagesInvolvement In Foreign Affairs A Muslim immigrant shoots his two daughters to death on concerns about their â€Å"western lifestyle†. The people of the United States are firm believers of this country being the land of the free. Yes, the U.S. has problems of their own to worry about, for example the poverty and all the hate crimes going on, but the United States has historically taken on the responsibility on aiding other countries in need. Although people believe the U.S. should not be involved in foreign affairsRead MoreUs Foreign Policy Essay902 Words   |  4 PagesUnited States Foreign Policy has always been in a constant form of metamorphosis. Gradually, since the birth of the United States of America, the country has been slowly evolving it’s policies and relations with other countries. The United States began its history as a insignificant isolated nation. It slowly overtime would change to what the powerhouse that it is today: A Global Superpower. Just after the 13 Colonies began the break with Britain, the nations first government would come into existenceRead MoreThe War And The Spanish Civil War987 Words   |  4 PagesBoth conflicts show that civil war was not the limit of the atrocities people were willing to commit in order to stop the influence of opposing ideologies. In both the Cold War and the Spanish Civil War the most significant air operations were carried in order to stop the spread of Communism. One of the factors that prompted the U.S. into dropping the atomic bombs in Nagasaki and Hiroshima was to stop the war in Japan as soon as possible. Many of Truman’s advisers, such as James F. Byrnes supportedRead MoreWilliam Mckinley And The Civil War1270 Words   |  6 Pagesfinancial problems. When the civil war began, William McKinley proved himself to be a good soldier; he rose up the ranks from a private to a brevet major quickly. McKinley’s had military experience, which some Americans considered a crucial informal qualification to be President of the United States. After the war ended, McKinley returned to Ohio to practice law, he then ran for county prosecutor in 1869. In 1876 he ran for congress and successfully served until 1891. During McKinley’s time in congressRead MoreThe United States As A Foreign Power During The 19th Century1292 Words   |  6 PagesThe United States as a Foreign Power during the 19th Century The Declaration of Independence established the self-evident truths that the laws of nature entailed. Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness became rights to every person in the eyes of Americans. As the 20th century approached and America’s international affairs expanded, the natural rights declared by Americans was challenged globally. In order to protect and preserve natural human rights while also improving domestic entities,Read MoreThe Civil Rights Movement : Mary Dudziak1322 Words   |  6 Pagesof Cold Rights Civil War, showed how the civil rights movement effected American foreign affairs on an international level. She argued that the international ridicule helped the United States and the Civil Rights movements achieve what it did. She helps explain just how important the Cold War was to the Civil Rights movement and how the Civil Rights movement helped, America refreshes its image in the eyes for the world. However, not just lead and paly a major part in t he Civil Rights movement

Organ Selling Free Essays

Name Term paper for Health Economics, Econ 339 Kidney for Sale: Is the Idea Legal, Ethical, or Economically Sound? Abstract: Each year thousands of people die while waiting for a kidney transplant. A market for kidney sales is currently illegal in nearly every country. This paper addresses the legal and ethical issues, as well as the economic effects that a legal market would create. We will write a custom essay sample on Organ Selling or any similar topic only for you Order Now The following aspects of such a market were explored: the ethical pros and cons; the current price ceiling for a legal kidney; the current supply and demand of donor kidneys; the fair market price; and the effect on supply and demand in a legalized market. The conclusion is that if paying a living donor can be made legal and as ethically acceptable as other medical practices, kidney sales would be economically sound. Keywords: Market for Organs, Health Market Reform, Sales of Organs 1 Introduction Should organ sales be legalized in the United States? In today’s society, many people are suffering from diseases and conditions that require an organ transplant in order to survive. The transplant list for those in need of a new organ such as a kidney seems endless. Every day, nearly 74 people receive an organ transplant, while each day another 17 people die waiting for their transplant due to the lack of donated organs (Friedman Friedman, 2006). Why is the demand so large? Why are there not enough? Should someone be able to sell his organ to a person in need? Is it legal, ethical or even economically sound to create a market for the sale of a kidney? What economic effects might there be if kidney sales were legalized? In the past few decades, immunosuppressive therapy and improved organ transplant expertise have increased the survival rate of kidney transplant patients (Ghod Shekoufeh, 2006). For end stage renal disease (ESRD), transplantation, not kidney dialysis, has become the preferred treatment, because it provides the patient with an improved survival rate and a better quality of life (Ghod Shekoufeh, 2006). In turn, the number of patients with ESRD being treated by dialysis and waiting for transplantation continues to outstrip the donor pool of kidneys (Friedman Friedman, 2006). The donor pool consists primarily of deceased donors and some live donors. Statistics show that only about 30% of Americans register to donate their organs after death (Knapp, 2005). Over the past ten years, the number of deceased donor kidneys has not increased despite efforts by the National Kidney Foundation, State Drivers License promotions, and celebrity ad campaigns (Friedman Friedman, 2006). In First World and middle-income countries, the demand for donor kidneys has increased. The populations of these countries live longer and typically develop ailments such as hypertension and diabetes caused by obesity 2|Page which contribute to kidney failure (The Economist, 2008). Fewer deaths from strokes, heart attacks and motor vehicle accidents have reduced the supply of cadaver donors (The Economist, 2008). Each year, the wait list grows longer. Figure 1 illustrates that the demand for kidney transplants has grown faster than the actual supply of kidneys. As of January 2007, there were nearly 95,000 people waiting for an organ transplant (Bramstedt, 2007). In a one year period, 7,000 people died waiting. Of those 7,000, approximately 4,000 were waiting for a kidney (Bramstedt, 2007). The United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) predicts that by 2010, there will be nearly 100,000 people who will have to wait an average of ten years for a renal transplant (Bramstedt, 2007). If this trend continues, the supply of kidneys will never come close to meeting the demand. Given this dilemma, it is necessary to at least consider other options to procuring the needed kidneys. 2 Legalizing Kidney Sales? A controversial solution is to lift the ban on purchasing kidneys from live donors, or permitting some type of compensation to the families of cadaver donors (Castro, 2003). Currently, the National Organ Transplant Act of 1984 (NOTA) deems the sale of organs unlawful and those who are found guilty of this act could be fined or sentenced to prison (Mayes, 2003). This ban on kidney sales in effect makes the maximum legal price for a kidney $0 (Cloutier, 2007). This is called a price ceiling. Figure 2 demonstrates that only 20,000 kidneys would be supplied through donation when the price is $0. However, 80,000 are demanded. This leaves a shortage of 60,000 kidneys which is the difference between the quantity demanded and the quantity supplied when the price is $0 (Cloutier, 2007). 3|Page Whether or not to reverse or amend this act has been a subject of great debate. There are numerous legal, ethical, and economic questions that are being argued by an array of experts. . 1 The arguments against legalization Opponents of kidney sales argue that this type of market would exploit the poor population (Erin John, 2003). According to Nancy Scheper-Hughes, who is an anthropologist at the University of California, Berkeley, the demand for human organs would feed off the desperation of the poor who she believes would supply the majority of the organs ( Hall, n. d. ). Scheper-Hughes states, â€Å"The organs are going one way. They’re going from poor people to rich people, from Third World to First World or to rich people in the Third World† (Hall, n. . ). Those who make this point believe it would be morally wrong for the wealthy to exploit the poverty of those who would supply the organs in a legalized market (Hall, n. d. ). A study of paid kidney donors in India showed that selling a kidney initially bettered their economic situation, but did not lead to a lifetime of economic benefit (Goyal, 2002). A second argument against legalizing kidney sales has been that the buying and selling of organs violates the dignity of the human person, and it treats the kidney like a commodity (Friedman Friedman, 2006). Critics claim that the dignity of a human being is denied when his basic parts, such as kidneys, are sold even after he has died and no longer needs them (Castro, 2003). With respect to treating kidneys as a commodity, Scheper-Hughes who strongly objects to the legalization of kidney sales states, â€Å"It’s a question of whether you want to turn the body into a factory of spare parts that becomes simply comodified† (Hall, n. d. ). Although there are a variety of other opinions for not legalizing kidney sales, the two previously mentioned are the ones that are most frequently argued. |Page 2. 2 The arguments in favor of legalization Setting aside the major criticisms, some arguments in favor of kidney sales can be discussed. First, people have the autonomy or right to self-govern and make their own decisions about what is moral or ethical (Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, 2008). Supporters of this opinion feel that it is not only ethical to sell a kidney, but a right because it is their body and their life. In his article, â€Å"Biotechnology, Ethics and Free Markets,† (2008) Julian Savulescu poses an interesting thought. He states, â€Å"But if you own anything, have a natural right to anything, it is surely your own body. Indeed the fact that we can give organs and parts of our body away implies that we own them. Giving implies ownership – if we can give, we can sell† (Salvulescu, 2008). People take all kinds of risks, including some for money. Some may choose risky jobs because they have determined that the money outweighs the risk (Erin John, 2003). Others risk damaging their body for pleasure by participating in activities such as smoking or skydiving (Erin John, 2003). Their activities would not be banned or judged. Friedman sums up the autonomy argument for permitting kidney sales. He states, â€Å"The case for legalizing kidney purchase hinges on the key premise that individuals are entitled to control of their own body parts even to the point of inducing risk of life† (Friedman Friedman, 2006). A second reason that supports the legalization of kidney sales is financial incentives would lead to more donations, which in turn would save more lives. Dr. Arthur Matas proposes a plan in which donors would be able to sell a kidney. The government would set a price and the expenses would be paid for by the recipient’s health insurance, which would usually be Medicare (Perry, 2007). The sellers would be screened both medically and psychologically prior to the transplant. They would then be followed to determine the impact the sale had on their lives as well as their health (Perry, 2007). Mark J. Perry, a professor of economics and finance at 5|Page the University of Michigan, uses economics to show how a proposal such as Matas’s could increase the number of organs available for transplant. He explained that whenever there are shortages, market pricing is absent. Market pricing will reduce or eliminate shortages. Therefore, market pricing for kidneys would eliminate or reduce the shortage and save thousands of lives every year (Perry, 2007). A fair market minimum price, much like a minimum wage for labor, would prevent the poor from being taken advantage of, and give buyers a chance at life (Savulescu, 2008). A fair market price of $45,000 was suggested by the Nobel laureate (in economics) Becker (Savulescu, 2008). He based this fair market price on an average annual salary of $40,000, which would be a lifetime income of 3 million (Savulescu, 2008). He calculated the risk of death at 1%, and a 5% decrease in the quality of life during the recovery period, which equaled $7,000 (Savulescu, 2008). He adjusted the price of the fair market after calculating the true risk of death at about 1/300. This made the final fair market price $20,000 (Savulescu, 2008). Figure 3 illustrates what would happen if the ban on kidney sales was lifted (Cloutier, 2007). The graph indicates that at $30,000, the amount of kidneys supplied would meet the number of kidneys demanded. Also, as the amount of money paid per kidney rises, the number of kidneys supplied would increase. Therefore, the equilibrium would be reached at $30,000 thus eliminating the shortage (Cloutier, 2007). In short, payment for kidneys equals lives saved. The third reason to permit the sale of kidneys is that it would be a financial benefit for an insurance company or Medicare (University of Maryland Medical Center, 2006). Researchers at the University of Maryland School of Medicine determined that a kidney transplant not only improved the quality of life for their patients, but it also saved money (University of Maryland Medical Center, 2006). They found that it was cheaper to have a transplant than to stay on 6|Page kidney dialysis for years until a donor match was found (University of Maryland Medical Center, 2006). In fact, the researchers discovered the break even point was 2. 7 years, which saved the hospital about $27, 000 per year, per patient (University of Maryland Medical Center, 2006). Perhaps, even more significant was the finding that the use of living donor kidneys decreased costs because they functioned better than cadaver kidneys right after transplant (University of Maryland Medical Center, 2006). 3 Assessment A review of both sides of this issue leads to the conclusion that selling a kidney should be legal and ethical, and it would be economically favorable because it would benefit thousands of people. The first opposing view was that a market for kidney sales would exploit the poor population. This argument is faulty because being poor does not make a person incapable of making a rational decision (Friedman Friedman, 2006). They are certainly able to weigh the risks of this choice. According to Savulescu (2008), â€Å"If altruistic donation is safe enough, then commercial donation should be just as safe if it is legalized. Also, keeping the poor population from being donors prevents them from improving their financial situation (Friedman Friedman, 2006). Finally, the gap between supply and demand for a kidney also concerns the poor because it creates a situation where someone could take advantage of them (Economist, 2008). If a legal market was regulated, there would be less possibili ty for black market activities because there would be no direct sales or purchases. Therefore, there would be no exploitation of the poor in other countries (Erin John, 2003). The second argument against legalizing kidney sales is that the buying and selling of organs violates the dignity of the human person, and it treats the kidney like a commodity (Friedman Friedman, 2006). This position is also flawed. Savulescu (2008) states, â€Å"Where a 7|Page fair price is set, sellers are making judgments about how to promote their own well-being and other values. This is the expression of human dignity: to be autonomous. † Treating the kidney as a commodity is no different than the sale of hair, eggs, blood or semen. Currently, the sale of these bodily materials is legal and ethically accepted despite the fact that they are sold by an unequally large portion of people who are poor (Castro, 2003). 4 Conclusion If paying a living donor can be made legal and as ethically acceptable as other medical practices, kidney sales would be economically sound. Establishing a fair market price for a kidney would address concerns about equity and prevent exploitation by those in an illegal market (Savulescu, 2008). A fair market price would also likely entice more people to sell a kidney. This in turn would increase the supply, decrease the demand and eliminate the shortage. References (2008, October 9). The gap between supply and demand. Retrieved November 27, 2008, from Economist. com Web site: http://www. economist. com/world/international/ displaystory. cfm? story_id=12380981 Autonomy. (2008). In Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. Retrieved November 28, 2008, from http://www. merriam-webster. com/dictionary/autonomy Bramstedt, K (2007). Checklist: Passport, plane ticket, organ transplant. American Journal of Transplantation. 7(7), 1698-1701. 8|Page Castro, L. D. 2003). Commodification and exploitation: Arguments in favor of compensated organ donation. Journal of Medical Ethics. 29, 142-146. Doucet, B (2008). Kidney kingpin case highlights practical ethical arguments for free markets. Retrieved November 25, 2008, from Quebecois Libre Web site: http://www. quebecoislibre. org/08/080210-4. htm Erin, C. A. , Harris, J (2003). An ethical market in human organs. Journ al of Medical Ethics. 29, 137-138. Friedman, A. L (2006). Payment for living organ donation should be legalized. BMJ. 333, 746-748. Friedman, E. A. , Friedman, A. L. , (2006). Payment for donor kidneys: Pros and cons. Kidney International, 69, 960-962. Ghods, A. J. , Savaj, S (2006). Live kidney organ donation: Is it time for a different approach?. Clinical Journal of American Society of Nephrology. 1, 1136-1145. Goyal, M, Mehta, R. L, Schneiderman, L. J, Sehgal, A. R. (2002). Economic and health consequences of selling a kidney in India. The Journal of the American Medical Association, 288, 1589-1593. Hall, Joseph (n. d. ). Opening up the market for organs: Support grows for selling body parts, donors for profit don’t really benefit. Toronto Star. Knapp, T (2005, April 4). Organ agonistes. Retrieved September 17, 2008, from Free-Market News Network Web site: http://www. freemarketnews. com/ Analysis/118/1275/April-4 2005. asp? nid=1275=118 9|Page Mayes, G (2003). Buying and selling organs for transplantation in the United States. Medscape Transplantation, 4(2), Retrieved November 23, 2008, from http://www. medscape. com/viewarticle/465200_print Perry, M (2007, December 13). Markets in everything: Organ sales. Retrieved November 24, 2008, from Carpe Diem Web site: http://mjperry. blogspot. com/2007/11/ markets-ineverything-organ-sales. tml Savulescu, Julian (2008, September 8). Biotechnology, ethics and free markets. Retrieved November 29, 2008, from University of Oxford Web site: http://www. practicalethicsnews. com/practicalethics/2008/06/setting-a-minim. html Savulescu, Julian (2008, June 19). Setting a minimum price for the sale of organs. Retrieved November 29, 2008, from University of Oxford Web site: http://www. practica lethicsnews. com/practicalethics/2008/06/setting-a-minim. html 10 | P a g e Appendix Figure 1: Illustrates that the wait list rises at a faster rate than the total number of transplants. Source: (Cloutier, 2007). Figure 2a: A price ceiling of $0 is established due to the ban on kidney sales. Source: (Cloutier, 2007). 11 | P a g e How many kidneys are demanded at P=$0? 20,000 kidneys supplied (donated) at P= $0 80,000 kidneys demanded at P= $0 Figure 2b: How many kidneys are supplied and demanded when the legal price is $0. Source: (Cloutier, 2007). What would happen if the ban on kidney sales was lifted? Figure 2c: Shows what would happen if the ban on kidney sales was lifted. Source: (Cloutier, 2007). 12 | P a g e How to cite Organ Selling, Papers

Pantera free essay sample

Pantera is known for its explosive crowds and when the group came around to The Meadows in Hartford, Connecticut to play, they must have left their most loyal spectators behind. The adrenaline was pumping through my veins; I couldnt wait. Even though my seat was bad, I thought to myself, Well, when they come on, everyones going to rush to the stage anyway. So, I didnt mind. Coal Chamber, a hardcore band almost synonymous with Korn, came on first and the guys were pretty good. I wasnt very impressed, but then again I didnt expect much. I was content with the show so far, but not with my seat. When the second act, Machine Head, came on, they opened with their usual, Davidian, and nobody cared. Let me put this into perspective: ten thousand people sitting(!) and not even listening to this wonderful band perform their hearts out (It was obvious that the group was unimpressed with audience; Robb Flynns-lead singer and guitarist dialogue with them was nonexistent that night. We will write a custom essay sample on Pantera or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page ) I, being very unhappy with my surroundings, started to walk around (with my main objective to get into the mosh pit area). The biggest disappointment of the night was the fact that the security was way too uptight. The way I figure it is, we the concert attendees are paying their bills, so the least they could do is have a little leniency toward the fans who want a better seat. Well, you guessed it, I kept getting scolded whenever I tried crossing aisles or when I started walking around so by the time Machine Head was finished, I had missed half of it trying to find a better seat. So, finally, I decided, Hey, Im not going to beat these guys. So I went back to my horrible seat and listened to my favorite band play. I must say Pantera does know how to put on a good show. The group played all of its favorites including Walk, Mouth for War, and This Love And they played well. Kudos to Phil Anselmo and the boys for the great performance. But, heres the point. Anyone who likes to go to a concert and just sit (or stand) and listen, then this would have been the ideal show for him. But, for those who love the crowd interaction and the close environment of small clubs, this show was very disappointing. With stellar performances by all three bands, it would have been more worthwhile for both the fans and the bands to have played at a smaller venue, where people actually care. .

My Soul Is Rested free essay sample

Option B The Civil Rights Movement in the United States refers to a set of events and reform movements in that country aimed at bringing to an end public and private acts of racial discrimination and racism against African Americans between 1954 to 1968, Whenever the civil rights is brought up there are names that almost always come to mind like Dr Martin Luther King Jr, Malcolm X, and Rosa Parks. But there are others both black and white that participated in the movement. That are not as famous or not mentioned in history but played a major part in the movement. The book My Soul Is Rested by Howell Raines is a good book that shows exactly from first encounter interviews what went on during the civil rights movement. It has many important interviews that come from the people’s actual point of view of the history of events. Everything that went on during the Montgomery bus boycott of 1955, some of the actual people that participated in the sit-ins, what went on during the Freedom rides and, the campaigns on the school and university integrations Some of the people associated with movement and give an eye witness summary of what went down are student, News reporters, Black and white activist, Lawyers and government officials, and Politicians. We will write a custom essay sample on My Soul Is Rested or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The way the book is laid out is that everything that happened or said is from the people that witnessed and lived it. The book is not focused on one point of view or in a way that the author wants you to take or view what happened under his perspective but in a way that when you read the interviews and recollections, you feel what is going on from the unknown point of view. It puts you in the shoes of the interviewee and makes you see exactly what they are going through. The achievement of the legal victory in the Supreme Court decision Brown v. Board of Education in the year 1954, rejected separate white and colored school systems and by implication overturned the separate but equal doctrine established in Plessy vs. Ferguson. This victory paved the way for integration and the civil rights movement. But many governors and business men where persistent in letting this happen. As a result a lot of schools shut down rather than put up with integration. Autherine Lucy Foster was the first black student to attend the University of Alabama, in 1956. In 1952, Pollie Ann Myers, and Autherine Lucy foster decided to attend the University of Alabama as a graduate student but, knowing that admission would be difficult due to the Universitys admission policies, she and Myers came up to the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People for help. On June of 1955, the NAACP secured a court order preventing the University from rejecting their admission applications based upon their race. Days later, the court amended the order to apply to all other African-American students seeking admission. The Supreme Court upheld this in Lucy v. Adams on October 10, 1955. On the very eve of the day Lucy and her friend were to register, her friend got rejected from admissions but Lucy was accepted. Unfortunately, she was banned from all dormitories and dining halls. Lucy enrolled as a graduate student in library science, becoming the first Negro ever admitted to a white public school or university in the state. Her first day of school went good. She sat in front of the class and everything went normal. â€Å"He acts like I’m not here† Is what she said of her professor. (My Soul Is Rested, 325) On the third day of classes, a hostile mob including the Klan assembled to prevent Lucy attending classes. She was escorted out her class as the mob said â€Å"Lets Kill her, Lets kill her,† When asked of what she heard the mob say was â€Å"Hey Hey Ho, where in the hell did Audrey go? Hey Hey Ho, where in the hell did that Nigger go? † (My Soul Is Rested, 327) Lucy was suspended and later expelled for her own safety thee university said. Hamilton Holmes along with Charlayne Hunter was the first two African-American students admitted to the University of Georgia. They where denied their admission to the university but after an eighteen month court battle. Where accepted inside the university. He described his situation by saying. â€Å"I felt that I would be letting down myself and also a lot of other people if I did not accept the challenge. But I tell you, I almost didn’t go, I almost didn’t leave. † (My Soul Is Rested, 334) On one of his days in school he had an incident with the local fraternity KA, They had blocked his vehicle as he was attending class. As he came out and moved the blocked cars, the ringleader of the frat came out and wanted to start trouble with Hamilton Holmes. â€Å"Man, Look, I don’t want any trouble, but if that’s what you want, I’m ready. † He turned around, and he said talking to the boys, â€Å"He sure is talking big ain’t he? (My Soul Is Rested, 335) He managed to scare off the KA boys by pretending to have a gun. His experience in school was not a really welcoming one but after the incident, he did not have any real problems with anyone because they thought he had a gun. Herbert Jenkins was a police chief in Atlanta. He joined the force in 1932 and was made chief in 1947. He was also a member of the Ku Klux Klan. He was assigned as a d river for the mayor in which he had to meet with black people really often. This changed his point of view towards blacks. He said â€Å"†¦. I took a completely different view of this entire situation, because this was the first time I had ever had an opportunity to meet black people that I recognized as better educated, had traveled more, were better off financially than I was, across the board. †. (My Soul Is Rested, 352) He was a good friend of Martin Luther King Sr. He would hear rumors of false accusations about Martin Luther King Jr that he was adopted and that he was smuggled into the united states. He was even contacted by the FBI in trying to do some dirty work for them. On one occasion they wanted to catch Dr King with a white woman in a hotel room only to find out that they were there on a meeting. His cooperation with blacks led the Georgia legislature to pass a bill to take away his police pension. Through it all, he served as chief for 25 years until retiring in 1972 driving the city through racial conflict during the desegregation of public transportation, public schools and parks. he was able to bring all parties to the table helping Atlanta progress mostly peacefully through channels that weaken the other Southern cities. Reporters had it bad. Some Reporters like Richard Veleriani was a diplomatic correspondent with NBC news. In one situation when he was reporting when a man walked behind him and hit him with an Ax handle. They hit him on the side of the head where the bone is at rather than on the top of the head. Richard was stunned and saw that he was bleeding. He r ecalls the conversation with the man that tried to help him. Do you need a doctor? † and I, in a daze looked at my hand and said â€Å"Yes, I think I do. I’m bleeding. † And then he looked at me, he stared me in the face with this ugly look, and he said, â€Å"We don’t have doctors for people like you. † (My Soul Is Rested, 372) Others like Wendell Hoffman, which was the first camera man to be at Selma. Was attacked while he was filming. He recalls that â€Å"They had sticks in their hands, and they were attempting to hit me in the testicles with their sticks, and I was carrying a camera†¦.. And the next time I came to Selma, I went to a store and bought one of these jockstraps†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (My Soul Is Rested, 385) Nelson Benton, a news correspondent in Selma on bloody Sunday for CBS wrote â€Å"†¦.. The film was too graphic†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦We spent the whole afternoon intercutting violence. † (My Soul Is Rested, 386) The civil rights movement was a battle that everyone fought and was affected by. Many organizations such as the SNCC, NAACP, and the SDS were really active in the Civil Rights Movement fought for the struggle which was more than just civil rights under the law. They fought for the fundamental issues of freedom, respect, economic and social equality. They achieved legislative victory in the form of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, that banned discrimination in employment practices and public accommodations; the Voting Rights Act of 1965, that restored and protected voting rights; and the Civil Rights Act of 1968, that banned discrimination in the sale of buying or renting a house. In a political system, after a status had been reached in which every citizen has the same rights by law, the issues of discrimination remains. Even if every person is treated equally by the state, there will never be equality due to discrimination within our society. Works Cited Davis, Townsend (1998). Weary Feet, Rested Souls: A Guided History of the Civil Rights Movement. New York: W. W. Norton Company, 311 Howell Raines (1983) My Soul Is Rested: The Story Of The Civil Rights Movement In The Deep South. New York Penguin Books. Http://www. watson. org/~lisa/blackhistory/civilrights-55-65/ Http://www. voicesofcivilrights. org/project. html